Leaf shapes4/28/2023 ![]() Leaf shape is one of the most conspicuous features of plant morphological diversity (Chitwood & Sinha, 2016). The ability to measure what a plant is-its phenotype-provides an objective record of its biologically and economically relevant features that can be used for scientific or commercial applications. The ability to identify correctly a vine variety from leaf shape will have significant implications for the wine industry, from ensuring correct scion and rootstock plantings in vineyards, to enforcing appellation law to discerning clones that are genetically indistinguishable.Īt a glance, differences in shape, color, and growth habit can be used to differentiate and categorize plants.Using a high number of landmarks and pseudolandmarks increased the accuracy of predicting variety correctly, compared to using a finite number of landmarks alone. Using the system of Galet, landmarks, and pseudo-landmarks were converted into relative distance and angle measurements. The overall morphological similarity of each variety to the other classified the leaves into two discrete groups: (i) deeply lobed and (ii) more entire-corresponding to the measurements of sinus depth put forward by the ampelographer Pierre Galet.Using these points, averaged leaf shapes for 60 varieties of wine and table grapes were calculated that quantify shape to the same resolution as hand drawings. Here, corresponding points on every grapevine leaf (landmarks) and equidistant points between landmarks (pseudo-landmarks) were used to capture intricate, local features in grapevine leaves: the curvature of veins, lobes, and sinuses and the shapes of serrations.The distinct morphology of grapevine leaves lends itself to the application of mathematical approaches that quantify shape. Grapevines are a special case in which leaf shape has been critical to identify varieties correctly. ![]() Quantifying these differences, that we assimilate so effortlessly with our senses, is more challenging. ![]()
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